2018 was toxic.

　　2018年是“有毒的”。

　　That's the view of the esteemed?Oxford Dictionaries. It has chosen the word as its annual "Word of the Year".

　　這是著名的《牛津詞典》的看法?！杜＝蛟~典》近日將toxic這個詞選為其2018年度詞匯。

　　Defining the word as “poisonous”, Oxford said it had become a “descriptor for the year’s most talked about topics”. The dictionary pointed to a 45% rise in the number of times the word has been looked up on its website, and said it best captured “the ethos, mood, or preoccupations” of 2018.

　　《牛津詞典》表示，“有毒的”(toxic)已經成為“2018年最熱議話題的主題詞”。“有毒的”在牛津詞典網站的搜索次數增加了45%，精準地體現出2018年的“氣質、情緒或關注焦點”。

　　First appearing in English in the mid-17th century, from the medieval Latin toxicus, “toxic” has also been used to describe workplaces, schools, relationships, cultures and stress over the last year.

　　“Toxic”來源于中古拉丁文toxicus，在17世紀中期首次出現在英語里，在過去一年還被用來描述工作場所、學校、人際關系、文化和壓力。

　　It said the #MeToo movement "put the spotlight on toxic masculinity" while in politics the word has been applied to the "rhetoric, policies, agendas and legacies of leaders and governments around the globe."

　　《牛津詞典》表示，“我也是”(MeToo)運動讓人們關注到“有毒的男性氣概”。而在政界，這一詞匯用來形容“某些領導人和政府的花言巧語、政策、議題和政治遺產”。

　　However, the word was most associated with the word “chemical”, appearing most frequently in discussions about the environment, including “toxic substance”, “toxic gas”, “toxic waste” and “toxic air”.

　　然而，這個詞匯應用最廣泛的含義還是“化學的”，它最頻繁地出現在有關環(huán)境的討論中，比如“有毒物”、“毒氣”、“有毒廢料”和“有毒的空氣”。

　　The debate fostered by the Brexit vote has also been described as a toxic environment, said the dictionary, while social media platforms “have come under fire for the toxic impact they have on our mental health”.

　　《牛津詞典》表示，英國脫歐公投引發(fā)的討論也被形容為“有毒的環(huán)境”，社交媒體平臺也因為“對人們的心理健康產生的‘有毒的影響’而遭到抨擊”。

　　Last year's word of the year was 'youthquake', defined as ‘a significant cultural, political, or social change arising from the actions or influence of young people.’

　　去年，《牛津詞典》選擇的年度詞匯是“青年沖擊”，指的是“年輕人的行為或影響帶來的重要的文化、政治或社會變化”。

　　Last week?Collins Dictionary?chose the term “single-use”, referring to products made to be used once and then thrown away, as its word of the year.

　　上周，《柯林斯詞典》選擇“一次性的”作為其年度詞匯，指的是用后即棄的一次性產品。

　　Cakeism 蛋糕主義

　　Primarily a word used in the UK, cakeism is the belief that it is possible to enjoy or take advantage of both of two desirable but mutually exclusive alternatives at once.

　　主要在英國使用，指的是相信有可能同時享受或利用到兩種同樣令人滿意但又互斥的方案。

　　?

　　Gammon 腌豬腿

　　Typically used in the UK as a derogatory term for an older middle-class white man whose face becomes flushed due to anger when expressing political (typically right-wing) opinions.

　　主要在英國使用，是一個貶義詞，指的是在表達政治觀點(通常是右翼)時由于憤怒臉漲得通紅的年齡較大的中年白人男性。

　　Gaslighting “煤氣燈”

　　The action of manipulating someone by psychological means into accepting a false depiction of reality or doubting their own sanity.

　　通過心理手段讓別人接受錯誤信息，或者懷疑自己失去理智，從而操控別人的行為。

　　Incel 非自愿獨身者

　　Incel, short for ‘involuntarily celibate’, is used as a self-descriptor by members of an online subculture who typically deem themselves chronically unable to attract romantic or sexual partners. They hold views that are hostile towards to women and to men who are sexually active.

　　Incel是“非自愿獨身者”的縮寫，是網絡上一些亞文化人群的自我描述用語。他們認為自己一直無法戀愛，也沒有性伴侶。他們對女性和性生活活躍的男性都抱有敵視態(tài)度。

　　Orbiting 網魂不散

　　Orbiting is the action of abruptly withdrawing from direct communication with someone while still monitoring, and sometimes responding to, their activity on social media.

　　網魂不散指的是突然切斷與某人的直接聯(lián)系，但卻又在社交媒體上關注、甚至有時回應某人的行為。

　　Overtourism 過度旅游

　　An excessive number of tourist visits to a popular destination or attraction, resulting in damage to the local environment and historical sites and in poorer quality of life for residents.

　　前往一個受歡迎的旅游目的地或景點的游客人數過多，導致當地環(huán)境和歷史遺跡遭到破壞， 當地居民的生活質量下降。

　　Techlash 技術抵制

　　A strong and widespread negative reaction to the growing power and influence of large technology companies, particularly those based in Silicon Valley.

　　對大型科技公司日益增長的權力和影響的強烈且廣泛的抵制，特別是對在硅谷的大公司。